Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterised by a gradual and permanent loss of kidney function that worsens as it progresses from stages 1 to 5. One of the most common complications of CKD is anaemia.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease which will affect most of us at one point in time, and it’s prevalence increases with age.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by the clinically asymmetric onset of resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability.

HPV & Cervical Cancer

Please note - The EPG HPV and Cervical Cancer Knowledge Centre is for Doctors and other Healthcare Professionals. Enter the HPV & Cervical Cancer Knowledge Centre.

Worldwide, every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer. Globally, cancer of the cervix is the second most prevalent cancer in women, causing nearly 500,000 new cases per year, and the third leading cause of female cancer deaths after breast and lung cancer (Ferlay et al 2004).

There are over 100 types of human papillomavirus (HPV), of which 30-40 can infect mucosal tissue. The others cause a variety of non-genital conditions, such as plantar warts (Wilson 2001; Burd 2003; von Krogh 2001). Of the types that can infect mucosal tissue, there are low-risk HPV types that can cause benign, low-grade lesions on the cervical surface or genital warts (which rarely progress to cancer). More importantly, there are over 15 oncogenic types that have been directly linked to cervical cancer (Bosch et al 2002; Schiller and Davies 2004; Muñoz et al 2003). Of these oncogenic HPV types, HPV 16 and 18 are the most important and are found in over 70% of cervical cancers globally (Muñoz et al 2004).

HPV is a very common and easily transmittable virus. The risk of contracting HPV starts with the first sexual encounter and lasts throughout a woman’s sexually active life. Infection does not require full penetrative intercourse, as skin-to-skin contact in the genital area is enough to spread the infection. Condoms do not fully protect from cervical cancer (Schiffman and Kjaer 2003; Burd 2003).

Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are associated with HPV infection (Bosch et al 2002).

Given the significant burden associated with cervical cancer, prevention and treatment strategies are critical (Franceschi 2005; Franco et al 2001). Proper screening requires well-organised acquisition of cervical samples at regular intervals (Sankaranarayanan et al 2005). This identifies abnormal cells on the cervix, which can be removed, if treatment is necessary.

Cervical screening is currently the only strategy for early detection of cervical abnormalities and HPV infections.

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More Results Drugs Relating To cervical cancer

CERVARIX
CERVARIX is indicated for the prevention of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN grades 2 and 3) and cervical cancer causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. The indication is based on demonstration of efficacy in women aged 15-25 years following vaccination with ...
GARDASIL
Gardasil is a vaccine for the prevention of premalignant genital lesions (cervical, vulvar and vaginal), cervical cancer and external genital warts (condyloma acuminata) causally related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16 and 18. The indication is based on the demonstration of efficacy of ...

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