Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease which will affect most of us at one point in time - either directly (as the prevalence is expected to quadruple over the next 50 years) or indirectly through the suffering of a loved one.

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Arthritis is a complex disorder that comprises more than 100 distinct musculoskeletal conditions and can affect people at any stage of life. Arthritis causes joint pain, loss of movement, and inflammation. Common forms of arthritis include osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Both OA and RA are chronic and incurable but respond well to intervention..

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Asthma is a disorder defined by its clinical, physiological, and pathological characteristics. The main physiological feature of asthma is episodic airway obstruction characterized by expiratory airflow limitation. The dominant pathological feature is airway inflammation, sometimes associated with airway structural changes..  

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Atopic dermatitis is a highly prevalent disease in developed countries, affecting 10–30% of children and 1–3% of adults.1,2 Often referred to as ‘eczema’, atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder.

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An elevated level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a form of dyslipidaemia that has been shown to be strongly associated with an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading to cardiovascular events.

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Throughout life, the bone marrow continuously produces a variety of blood cell lineages in a tightly controlled, yet flexible process termed haematopoiesis1. The 2 main groups of mature blood cells are red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes...

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The Contraception Knowledge Centre provides help and guidance to assist physicians in selecting the most  appropriate contraceptive method for their patient.

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Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) develop a wide range of clinical consequences and experience varying degrees of disease severity. Regardless of its clinical presentation, the basic problem of the disease is the same – an abnormality in the glands that produce or secrete sweat and mucus.

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The prognosis of patients with diabetes is improved by interventions that reduce HbA1C which is influenced by both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. Postprandial hyperglycaemia per se is also an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and complications of diabetes.

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Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Before the current definition of GIST evolved, GISTs were classified as benign or malignant smooth muscle tumours including true smooth muscle tumours (leiomyomas, leiomyoblastomas, leiomyosarcomas) and neuronal tumours (schwannomas)

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Hepatitis can be caused by many different things including viral infections, parasites, bacteria, chemicals, autoimmunity, drugs or alcohol. Of these, viral infection is the most common cause of chronic (long-term) hepatitis, which can lead to severe liver damage including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

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Worldwide, every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer. Globally, cancer of the cervix is the second most prevalent cancer in women, causing nearly 500,000 new cases per year, and the third leading cause of female cancer deaths after breast and lung cancer. Each year an estimated 270,000 women die from the disease, 85% of whom are from the developing world.

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Hypertension, an increasingly common and chronic disease, and its consequences like stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure and renal damage mean an enormous financial burden for the community.

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Insomnia is a very common and debilitating disease with major morbidity and social consequences. Despite the negative impact on the ability to function well during the day, insomnia is underdiagnosed and undertreated.

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Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of progressive and often fatal genetic diseases that are caused by an inborn error of metabolism.

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This resource is aimed at physicians who are involved in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of men with hypogonadism. It aims to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology and etiology of male hypogonadism, the diagnostic procedures and the available treatment options for hypogonadal men.

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Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of headache pain with associated symptoms including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and, in a minority of patients, transient neurological symptoms, with visual disturbances being the most common.

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The hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the white matter plaque, which represents an area of demyelination and axonal loss. MS can produce lesions throughout the central nervous system (CNS).

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Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder that causes severe, progressive neurological symptoms. It is a very serious, life-threatening condition that can affect infants, children and adults. NP-C is characterized by cellular accumulation of lipids, in particular unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, in many parts of the body including brain, liver and spleen.

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The NSCLC's account for 80% of all lung cancers and can be further subdivided into squamous-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (which includes bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma [BAC]).

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of legal blindness among people over the age of 50 in the Western world. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina. As the photoreceptors begin to deteriorate, so does the central vision needed for everyday activities such as reading or driving.

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Opioid analgesics are used to relieve moderate to severe pain. They can be used in the acute setting and are also appropriate for the treatment of certain cases of persistent non-cancer pain.

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Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become thin and weak, and break easily. Osteoporosis frequently goes undiagnosed until such a fracture occurs; with a condition like this there are no warning signs. Areas particularly vulnerable are the spine, wrist and hips.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which causes increasing disability over time. PD predominantly occurs in people over the age of 50 and is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease that a physician will encounter.

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a broad term that includes the diagnoses of unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). UA and NSTEMI are sometimes referred to collectively as non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS).

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Amongst the topics covered, the Knowledge Centre includes an up-to-date summary of the epidemiology and classification, detection and management of this prevalent neoplasm, with a particular focus on hormonal therapy.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterised by a gradual and permanent loss of kidney function that worsens as it progresses from stages 1 to 5. One of the most common complications of CKD is anaemia. Renal anaemia is secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it appears early in the course of CKD, worsening as it progresses.

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Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer and there were approximately 200,000 new kidney cancer cases worldwide in 2002. RCC is a global problem, but its incidence varies considerably by geographical location. Rates of RCC are high in North America, Europe and Australia, whereas rates are low in Africa, India and China.

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Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) are malignant (cancerous) tumors that develop in tissues which connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body. Muscles, tendons (bands of fiber that connect muscles to bones), fibrous tissues, fat, blood vessels, nerves, and synovial tissues are types of soft tissue.

Learn more about Soft Tissue Sarcoma...