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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterised by a gradual and permanent loss of kidney function that worsens as it progresses from stages 1 to 5. One of the most common complications of CKD is anaemia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease which will affect most of us at one point in time, and it’s prevalence increases with age. Ophthalmics - understanding, management, diagnosis and treatment information www.hae-awareness.net is a CPD-accredited interactive training programme for physicians involved in the care and treatment of patients with hereditary angioedema
Medical References
Hypertension / Insomnia / LSDs / Mens health / Meningitis / Migraine

Hypertension

Argenziano L, Trimarco B. Effect of eprosartan and enalapril in the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients: Subgroup analysis of a 26-week, double-blind, multicentre study. Curr Med Res Opin 1999;15(1):9-14.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Böhm M, Sachse A. Safety and tolerability of eprosartan in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. Drug Safety 2002;25(8):599-511.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Brooks DP, Ruffolo RR. Pharmacological mechanism of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: implications for the treatment of elevated systolic blood pressure. J Hypertens 1999;17(Suppl 2):S27-S32.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Chapelsky MC, Martin DE, Tenero DM, et al. A dose proportionality study of eprosartan in healthy male volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1998;38:34-39.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-2572.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Christensen M, Ibsen H, Worck R. Effect of eprosartan on catecholamines and peripheral haemodynamics in subjects with insulin-induced hypo-glycaemia. Clin Sci 2005;108:113-119.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

de la Sierra A, Munoz A, Arcos E, et al. Effect of eprosartan on pulse pressure and blood pressure components in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Blood Pressure 2004;13(Suppl 2):5-10.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

de la Sierra A, Munoz A, Arcos E, et al. The effect of treatment with eprosartan on pulse pressure: factors predicting response. Can J Cardiol 2004;20(Suppl C):17C-22C.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Elliott WJ, for the Eprosartan Study Group. Double-blind comparison of eprosartan and enalapril on cough and blood pressure in unselected hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13:413-417.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Frank H, Schobel H-P, Vitkowsky J, et al. Effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonism on the renal hemodynamic response to cardiovascular stress. Kidney Int 2003;63:617-623.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Franklin S, Khan S, Wong N, et al. Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1999;100:354-360.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Franklin SS, Gustin W, Wong ND, et al. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. Circulation 1997;96:308-315.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gavras I, Gavras H. Safety and tolerability of eprosartan. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19(4 Pt 2):102S-107Sv.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Goodfriend TL, Elliott ME, Catt KJ. Angiotensin receptors and their antagonists. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1649-1654.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gradman AH, Gray J, Maggiacomo F, et al. Assessment of once-daily eprosartan, an angiotensin II antagonist, in patients with systemic hypertension. Clin Ther 1999;21:442-453.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Hankey GJ, Warlow CP. Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations. Lancet 1999;354:1457-1463.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Hedner T, Himmelmann A, for the Eprosartan Multinational Study Group. The efficacy and tolerance of one or two daily doses of eprosartan in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1999;17(1):129-136.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ilson B. Drug interaction studies with eprosartan, a novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Am J Hypertens 1998;11(4 Pt 2):108A (Abstract E051).External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363:2022-2031.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Kannel W. Prevalence and implications of uncontrolled systolic hypertension. Drugs Aging 2003;20:277-286.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Kannel WB. Dawber TR, Kagan A, et al. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease - six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1961;55:33-50.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Kulbertus H. Clinical study of the month. The CHARM study. Rev Med Liege 2003;58(10):646-652.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Labios M, Martinez M, Gabriel F, et al. Effect of eprosartan on cytoplasmic free calcium mobilization, platelet activation, and microparticle formation in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2004;17(9):757-763.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Levine B. Effect of eprosartan and enalapril in the treatment of black hypertensive patients: subgroup analysis of a 26-week, double-blind, multicentre study. Curr Med Res Opin 1999;15:25-32.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

London GM, Guerin A. Influence of arterial pulse and reflective waves on systolic blood pressure and cardiac function. J Hypertens 1999;17(Suppl 2):S3-S6.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Martin DE, Tompson D, Boike SC, et al. Lack of effect of eprosartan on the single dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered digoxin in healthy male volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997;43:661-664.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

MRC Working Party. Medical research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. BMJ 1992;304:405-413.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Nakashima M, Uematsu T, Kosuge K, Kanamaru M. Pilot study of the uricosuric effect of DuP-753, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;42:333-335.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Neumann J, Ligtenberg G, Oey L, et al. Moxonidine normalizes sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with eprosartan-treated chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:2902-2907.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ohlstein EH, Brooks DP, Feuerstein GZ, Ruffolo RR. Inhibition of sympathetic outflow by the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, eprosartan, but not by losartan, valsartan or irbesartan: relationship to differences in prejunctional angiotensin II receptor blockade. Pharmacology 1997;55(5):244-251.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Oparil S. Eprosartan versus enalapril in hypertensive patients with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough. Curr Ther Res 1999;60(1):1-14.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001;358:1033-1041.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ruilope L, Jager B, Prichard, B. Eprosartan versus enalapril in elderly patients with hypertension: a double-blind, randomized trial. Blood Pressure 2001;10:223-229v.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Sachse A, Verboom CN, Jäger B. Efficacy of eprosartan in combination with HCTZ in patients with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2002;16: 169-176.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Sega R, on behalf of the Eprosartan Study Group. Efficacy and safety of eprosartan in severe hypertension. Blood Pressure 1999;8:114-121.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991;265:3255-3264.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997;350:757-764.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks: US population data. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:598-615.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Swales JD. Current status of hypertensive disease treatment: results from the Evaluation and Interventions for Systolic Blood pressure Elevation: Regional and Global (EISBERG) project. J Hypertens 1999;17(suppl2):S15-S19.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Teitelbaum I, Chilvers M, Reiz RJS. The angiotensin receptor blocker eprosartan mesylate reduces pulse pressure in isolated systolic hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2004;20(Suppl C):11C-16C.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Tenero D, Martin D, Chapelsky M, et al. Effect of hepatic disease on the pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of eprosartan. Pharmacotherapy 1998;18(1):42-50.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Tenero D, Martin D, Ilson B, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and orally administered eprosartan in healthy males: absolute bioavailability and effect of food. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1998;19: 351-356.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

The Dutch TIA trial study group. Trial of secondary prevention with atenolol after transient ischemic attack or nondisabling ischemic stroke. Stroke 1993;24:543-548.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004 - BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens 2004;18:139-185.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ziogas J, Cunnane TC. An electro-physiological study of the actions of angiotensin II at the sympathetic neuroeffector junction in the guinea pig vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol 1991;103:1196-1202.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

 

Insomnia

Ancoli-Israel S, Roth T. Characteristics of insomnia in the United States: results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. I. Sleep 1999; 22 (Suppl 2): S347–S353.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Berger RJ. Bioenergetic functions of sleep and activity rhythms and their possible relevance to aging. Fed Proc 1975; 34 (1): 97–102.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Cajochen C, Kräuchi K, Wirz-Justice A. Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. J Neuroendocrinol 2003; 15 (4): 432–437.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dijk DJ, Cajochen C. Melatonin and the circadian regulation of sleep initiation, consolidation, structure, and the sleep EEG. J Biol Rhythms 1997; 12 (6): 627–635.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dijk D-J, Czeisler CA. Paradoxical timing of the circadian rhythm of sleep propensity serves to consolidate sleep and wakefulness in humans. Neurosci Lett 1994; 166: 63–68.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dijk D-J, Lockley SW. Invited Review: Integration of human sleep–wake regulation and circadian rhythmicity. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92: 852–862.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Edgar DM, Dement WC, Fuller CA. Effect of SCN lesions on sleep in squirrel monkeys: evidence for opponent processes in sleep–wake regulation. J Neurosci 1993; 13: 1065–1079.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Elmore SK, Betrus PA, Burr R. Light, social zeitgebers, and the sleep–wake cycle in the entrainment of human circadian rhythms. Res Nursing Health 1994; 17: 471–478.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Foley DJ, Monjan AA, Brown SL, et al. Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep 1995; 18 (6): 425–432.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Giuditta A, Ambrosini MV, Montagnese P, et al. The sequential hypothesis of the function of sleep. Behav Br Res 1995; 69: 157–166.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Hunt AE, Al-Ghoul WM, Gillette MU, Dubocovich ML. Activation of MT(2) melatonin receptors in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus phase advances the circadian clock. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 280 (1): C110–C118.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of neural science.© The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 2000.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Katz DA, McHorney CA. Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic illness. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1099-107.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Lam RW. Sleep disturbances and depression: a challenge for antidepressants. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2006; 21 (Suppl 1): S25–S29.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Lavie P. Ultrashort sleep-waking schedule. III. ‘Gates’ and ‘forbidden zones’ for sleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986; 63 (5): 414–425.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Léger D, Poursain B, Neubauer D, Uchiyama M. An international survey of sleeping problems in the general population. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24 (1): 307–317.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Lieberman JA. Update on the safety considerations in the management of insomnia with hypnotics: incorporating modified-release formulations into primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 9 (1): 25–31.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Lockley SW, Skene DJ, Tabandeh H, et al. Relationship between napping and melatonin in the blind. J Biol Rhythms 1997; 12 (1): 16–25.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Lynch HJ, Wurtman RJ, Moskowitz MA, et al. Daily rhythm in human urinary melatonin. Science 1975; 187 (4172): 169–171.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Masana MI, Benloucif S, Dubocovich ML. Circadian rhythm of MT1 melatonin receptor expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the C3H/HeN mouse. J Pineal Res 2000; 28 (3): 185–192.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Miller JD, Morin LP, Schwartz WJ, Moore RY. New insights into the mammalian circadian clock. Sleep 1996; 19 (8): 641–667.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

National Institute of Health. NIH State of the Science Conference statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults statement. J Clin Sleep Med 2005; 1 (4): 412–421.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ohayon MM, Zulley J. Correlates of global sleep dissatisfaction in the German population. Sleep 2001; 24: 780-787.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev 2002; 6 (2): 97–111.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Okuji Y, Matsuura M, Kawasaki N et al. Prevalence of insomnia in various psychiatric diagnostic categories. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 56: 239-240.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Pandi-Perumal SR, Smits M, Spence W, et al. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): a tool for the analysis of circadian phase in human sleep and chronobiological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31 (1): 1–11.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Pandi-Perumal SR, Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Cardinali DP. Role of the melatonin system in the control of sleep: therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs 2007; 21 (12): 995–1018.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Pilcher JJ. Sleep quality versus sleep quantity: relationships between sleep and measures of health, well-being and sleepiness in college students. J Psychosom Res. 1997; 42(6): 583-96.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Reeder CE, Franklin M, Bramley TJ. Current landscape of insomnia in managed care. Am J Manag Care 2007; 13: S112–S116.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Roth T, Stubbs C, Walsh JK. Ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2- receptor agonist, reduces latency to persistent sleep in a model of transient insomnia related to a novel sleep environment. Sleep 2005; 28 (3): 303–307.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Subramanian S, Surani S. Sleep disorders in the elderly. Geriatrics 2007; 62 (12): 10–32.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Tansella CZ, Tansella M, Lader M. A comparison of the clinical and psychological effects of diazepam and amylobarbitone in anxious patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 7 (6): 605–611.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Understanding Sleep: Sleep Needs, Cycles, and Stages.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Lin HM, et al. Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis: clinical implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86 (8): 3787–3794.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Walsh JK, Schweitzer PK. Ten-year trends in the pharmacological treatment of insomnia. Sleep 1999; 22 (3): 371–375.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Wheatley D. Medicinal plants for insomnia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (4): 414–421.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Zisapel N. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Pathophysiology and potential approaches to management. CNS Drugs 2001; 15 (4): 311–328.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Zisapel N. Sleep and sleep disturbances: biological basis and clinical implications. ell Mol Life Sci 2007; 64 (10): 1174–1186.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

 

LSDs

Cimaz R, Vijay S, Haase C, et al. Attenuated type I mucopolysaccharidosis in the differential diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a series of 13 patients with Scheie syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24(2):196-202. External Source Document

Eng CM, Germain DP, Banikazemi M, et al. Fabry disease: guidelines for the evaluation and management of multi-organ system involvement. Genet Med. 2006;8(9):539-48.External Source Document

Kishnani PS, Steiner RD, Bali D, et al. Pompe disease diagnosis and management guideline. Genet Med. 2006;8(5):267-88. External Source Document

Manger B, Mengel E, Schaefer RM. Rheumatologic aspects of lysosomal storage diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2006;6:6.External Source Document

Pastores GM, Weinreb NJ, Aerts H, et al. Therapeutic goals in the treatment of Gaucher disease. Semin Hematol 2004;41(4 Suppl 5):4-14.External Source Document

Wraith JE. The first 5 years of clinical experience with laronidase enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis I. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005;6(3):489-506.External Source Document

 

Mens health

Bodie J, Lewis, J, Schow D, Monga M: Laboratory evaluations of erectile dysfunction: n evidence based approach. J Urol 2003; 169: 2262–2264.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Corona G, Mannucci E, Mansani R, Petrone L, Bartolini M, Giommi R, Forti G, Maggi M: Organic, relational and psychological factors in erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. Europ Urol 2004; 46: 222–228.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gelman EP: Molecular biology of the androgen receptor. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 3001–3015. External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Howell S, Shalet S: Testosterone deficiency and replacement. Horm Res 2001; 56 (suppl 1): 86–92.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Investigation,Treatment and Monitoring of Late-Onset HypogonadisminMales ISA, ISSAM, and EAURecommendations - E. Nieschlaga,* R. Swerdloffb, H.M. Behrec, L.J. Goorend, J.M. Kaufmane, J.-J. Legrosf, B. Lunenfeldg, J.E. Morleyh, C. Schulmani, C. Wangj, W. Weidnerk, F.C.W. Wul.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Kim YC: Testosterone supplementation in the aging male. Int J Impot Res 1999; 11: 343–352.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Nebido Summary of Product Characterisation (2004).External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Nehra A: Treatment of endocrinologic male sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75 (suppl): 40–45.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, Behre HM,  Gooren  L,  Kaufman  JM, Legros JJ, Lunenfeld B, Morley J, Schulman C, Wang  C,  Weidner  W,  Wu  F:  Investigation,  Treatment  and Monitoring of Late-Onset  Hypogonadism  in  Males  – ISA, ISSAM, and EAU  Recommendations. Europ Urol 2005; 48: 1–4.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Rhoden EL, Morgentaler A: Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 482–492.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Wang C, N Berman, JA Longstreth, B Chuapoco, L Hull, B Steiner, S Faulkner, RE Dudley, RS Swerdloff: Pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men: application of gel at one site versus four sites: a general clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 964 – 969.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Wisniewski AB, Migeon CJ, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Gearhart JP, Berkovitz GD, Brown TR, Money J: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: long-term medical, surgical, and psychosocial outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2664–2669.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Zitzmann M, Nieschlag E: Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism. Mol Cell Endocrin 2000; 161: 73–88. External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

 

Meningitis

CDC. National Enterovirus Surveillance. United States, 1997—1999. MMWR 2000;49(40):913-6.External Source Document

Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, European Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Project February 2002. Surveillance of Bacterial Meningitis in Europe 1999/2000.External Source Document

Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, European Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance Project February 2002. Surveillance of Bacterial Meningitis in Europe 1999/2000: External Source Document

EU-IBIS. Conjugate meningococcal group C vaccination programmes in the EU, as at September 2005.External Source Document

EU-IBIS. Type of Hib conjugate vaccine and immunisation schedule used in the study participants countries, as at March 2004. External Source Document

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Newsletter on Vaccines and Immunisation 2005–2007. External Source Document

Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier 6th ed. USA: 2005:1083 11261. World Health Organization. Neisseria meningitis.External Source Document

NHS. A guide to childhood immunisations for babies up to 13 months of age. External Source Document

NHS. Full immunisation schedule.  External Source Document

Pebody RG, Leino T, Nohynek H, Hellenbrand W, Salmaso S, Ruutu P. Pneumococcal vaccination policy in Europe. Eurosurveillance 2005; 10(7-9):174-178.External Source Document

WHO. Immunization schedules by antigen and selection centre.External Source Document

World Health Organization. Bacterial meningitis (including Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae).External Source Document

World Health Organization. Neisseria meningitidis.External Source Document

 

Migraine

Abduljabbar M, Ogunniyi A, al Balla S, Alballaa S, al-Dalaan A. Prevalence of primary headache syndrome in adults in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Headache 1996;36: 385-8.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Alders EE, Hentzen A, Tan CT. A community-based prevalence study on headache in Malaysia. Headache 1996;36: 379-84.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Bigal ME, Rapoport AM, Sheftell FD, Tepper SJ. New migraine preventive options: an update with pathophysiological considerations. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 2002;57: 293-8.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Cady R, Dodick DW. Diagnosis and treatment of migraine. Mayo Clin Proc 2002;77: 255-61.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Cheung RT. Prevalence of migraine, tension-type headache, and other headaches in Hong Kong. Headache 2000;40: 473-9.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Clarke CE, MacMillan L, Sondhi S, Wells NE. Economic and social impact of migraine. QJM 1996;89: 77-84.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dowson AJ, Lipscombe S, Sender J, Rees T, Watson D. New guidelines for the management of migraine in primary care. Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18: 414-39.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dowson AJ, MacGregor EA, Purdy RA, Becker WJ, Green J, Levy SL. Zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablet is effective in the acute treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 2002;22: 101-6.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Dowson AJ, Mathew NT, Pascual J. Review of clinical trials using early acute intervention with oral triptans for migraine management. Int J Clin Pract 2006;60: 698-706.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Edmeads J, Findlay H, Tugwell P, Pryse-Phillips W, Nelson RF, Murray TJ. Impact of migraine and tension-type headache on life-style, consulting behaviour, and medication use: a Canadian population survey. Can J Neurol Sci 1993;20: 131-7.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Ferrari MD, Saxena PR. On serotonin and migraine: a clinical and pharmacological review. Cephalalgia 1993;13: 151-65.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gawel M, Aschoff J, May A, Charlesworth BR. Zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray: efficacy and onset of action in the acute treatment of migraine--results from phase 1 of the REALIZE Study. Headache 2005;45: 7-16.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gawel M, Worthington I. Intranasal zolmitriptan. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005;6: 1019-24.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gerth WC, Carides GW, Dasbach EJ, Visser WH, Santanello NC. The multinational impact of migraine symptoms on healthcare utilisation and work loss. Pharmacoeconomics 2001;19: 197-206.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Gobel H, Petersen-Braun M, Soyka D. The epidemiology of headache in Germany: a nationwide survey of a representative sample on the basis of the headache classification of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia 1994;14: 97-106.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Hagen K, Zwart JA, Vatten L, Stovner LJ, Bovim G. Prevalence of migraine and non-migrainous headache--head-HUNT, a large population-based study. Cephalalgia 2000;20: 900-6.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Henry P, Auray JP, Gaudin AF, Dartigues JF, Duru G, Lanteri-Minet M, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of migraine in France. Neurology 2002;59: 232-7.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference 

Hu XH, Markson LE, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Berger ML. Burden of migraine in the United States: disability and economic costs. Arch Intern Med 1999;159: 813-8.External Source Document | Internal Use Of This Reference&nb

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